The first Christians to engage with and develop Greek philosophy in the second and third centuries CE struggled mightily to reconcile their notions of a Biblical God who is omnipotent, omnipresent, and intervenes in human affairs with the literally mundane experience of evil. Although they all agreed that "God cares" - a notion they usually expressed in terms of the Greek notion of divine providence (pronoia) - they disagreed strongly about the limits of that care. Polemical authors exploited ambiguities in arguments to make it appear that their opponents claimed that God does not care at all, while other authors claimed that there are in fact two principles in creation: one that cares, and one that doesn't. This talk will focus on three 'dualistic' thinkers of the second century - Hermogenes, Marcion, and Apelles - and the way in which criticism and eventual condemnation of their views was articulated in terms of providence, yielding a consensus view of the present cosmos as one where demons and the Devil are all too present.